%% @texfile{
%%     filename   = "tugboat.cmn",
%%     copyright  = "Copyright 1993-1996,2006,2008,2011-2024 TeX Users Group.
%%                   Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file
%%                   are permitted as long as this file is not
%%                   modified.  Modifications (and redistribution of
%%                   modified versions) are also permitted, but only if
%%                   the resulting file is renamed."
%%     version    = "see below \fileversion"
%%     date       = "see below \filedate",
%%     filetype   = "common (plain) macros for TUGboat",
%%     supported  = "yes",
%%     email      = "TUGboat@tug.org",
%%     codetable  = "ISO/ASCII",
%%     keywords   = "tex users group, tugboat, common macros, plain tex",
%%     abstract   = "This file contains macros potentially common to
%%                   the various style files for TUGboat,
%%                   Among other things, it contains supplementary
%%                   definitions for abbreviations and logos that
%%                   appear in TUGboat."
%%     }
%% $Id: tugboat.cmn 561 2024-04-15 17:28:40Z karl $

% do nothing when reading this file a second time.
\ifx\tugboatcmn\undefined
  \let\next\relax
\else
  \expandafter\let\expandafter\next\csname endinput\endcsname
\fi
\next

\def\fileversion{v1.30}
\def\filedate{2024-04-15}

\message{File `TUGBOAT.CMN' \fileversion \space\space <\filedate>}

%
%               *****     TUGBOAT.CMN   *****
%
%       See the bottom of the file (after \endinput) for a list of
%       items defined.
%

% *************************************************************************

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%     *****  helpful shorthand  *****
%

%  The following allow for easier changes of category.  These require that
%  the character be addressed as a control-sequence: e.g. \makeescape\/ will
%  make the / an escape character.

\def\makeescape#1{\catcode`#1=0 }
\def\makebgroup#1{\catcode`#1=1 }
\def\makeegroup#1{\catcode`#1=2 }
\def\makemath#1{\catcode`#1=3 }
\def\makealign#1{\catcode`#1=4 }
\def\makeeol#1{\catcode`#1=5 }
\def\makeparm#1{\catcode`#1=6 }
\def\makesup#1{\catcode`#1=7 }
\def\makesub#1{\catcode`#1=8 }
\def\makeignore#1{\catcode`#1=9 }
\def\makespace#1{\catcode`#1=10 }
\def\makeletter#1{\catcode`#1=11 }
\def\makeother#1{\catcode`#1=12 }
\def\makeactive#1{\catcode`#1=13 }
\def\makecomment#1{\catcode`#1=14 }

\def\makeatletter{\catcode`\@=11 }      % included for historical reasons
\chardef\other=12
\def\makeatother{\catcode`\@=\other}

                                        % alternative to localization
\def\savecat#1{%
  \expandafter\xdef\csname\string#1savedcat\endcsname{\the\catcode`#1}}
\def\restorecat#1{\catcode`#1=\csname\string#1savedcat\endcsname}


\savecat\@
\makeletter\@           % used, as in PLAIN, in protected control sequences

                        % for restoring meanings of global control sequences
\def\SaveCS#1{%
  \def\scratch{\expandafter\let\csname saved@@#1\endcsname}%
  \expandafter\scratch\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\RestoreCS#1{%
  \def\scratch{\expandafter\let\csname#1\endcsname}%
  \expandafter\scratch\csname saved@@#1\endcsname}


% To distinguish between macro files loaded

\def\plaintubstyle{plain}
\def\latextubstyle{latex}
\ifx\tugstyloaded@\undefined\let\tugstyloaded@\plaintubstyle\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% emacs-page
%     *****  abbreviations and logos  *****
%

\def\acro#1{{\SMC #1}\spacefactor1000 }

\def\AllTeX{(\La\kern-.075em)\kern-.05em\TeX}
\def\AMS{American Mathematical Society}
\def\AmS{{\the\textfont2 A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
        {\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em{\the\textfont2 S}}
\def\AmSLaTeX{\AmS-\LaTeX}
\def\AmSTeX{\AmS-\TeX}
\def\ANSI{\acro{ANSI}}
\def\API{\acro{API}}
\def\ASCII{\acro{ASCII}}
\def\aw{\acro{A\kern.04em\raise.115ex\hbox{-}W}}
\def\AW{Addison\kern.1em-\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip Wesley}
\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\smc i\kern-.025emb}\kern-.08em\TeX}}
\def\CandT{{\sl Computers \& Typesetting}}
\def\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
\def\Cplusplus{C\plusplus}
\def\plusplus{\raise.7ex\hbox{$_{++}$}}
\def\CSS{\acro{CSS}}
\def\CSabbr{$\cal C$\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\cal S$}} % from opmac.tex
\def\CSTUG{\CSabbr\acro{TUG}}
\def\CTAN{\acro{CTAN}}
\def\DTD{\acro{DTD}}
\def\DVD{\acro{DVD}}
\def\DVI{\acro{DVI}}
\def\DVIPDFMx{\acro{DVIPDFM}$x$}
\def\DVItoVDU{DVIto\kern-.12em VDU}
\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\kern-.125em\TeX}
\def\FAQ{\acro{FAQ}}
\def\FTP{\acro{FTP}}
\def\GNU{\acro{GNU}}
\def\GUI{\acro{GUI}}
\def\Hawaii{Hawai`i}
\def\HTML{\acro{HTML}}
\def\HTTP{\acro{HTTP}}
\def\IDE{\acro{IDE}}
\def\ISBN{\acro{ISBN}}
\def\ISO{\acro{ISO}}
\def\ISSN{\acro{ISSN}}
\def\JPEG{\acro{JPEG}}
%       Japanese TeX
\def\JTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{\lower.5ex\hbox{J}\kern-.18em\TeX}}
\def\JoT{{\sl The Joy of \TeX\/}}
\def\LAMSTeX{L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern-.3em\the\scriptfont2 A}%
    \kern-.2em\lower.376ex\hbox{\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em
    {\the\textfont2 S}-\TeX}
%       note -- \LaTeX definition is from LATEX.TEX 2.09 of 7 Jan 86,
%               adapted for additional flexibility in TUGboat
%\def\LaTeX{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
%       \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
%       note -- broken in two parts, to permit separate use of La,
%               as in (La)TeX
\def\La{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle A$}%
        \kern-.5\wd\TestBox\raise.42ex\box\TestBox}
\def\LaTeX{\La\kern-.15em\TeX}
\def\LaTeXe{\LaTeX{}\kern.05em2$_{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}
\def\LMTX{\acro{LMTX}}
\def\LyX{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX}
\def\MacOSX{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}}
\def\MathML{Math\acro{ML}}
%       for Robert McGaffey
\def\Mc{\setbox\TestBox=\hbox{M}M\vbox to\ht\TestBox{\hbox{c}\vfil}}
\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\MP{{\manual META}\-{\manual POST}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\mf{{\smc Metafont}}
\def\MFB{{\sl The \slMF\kern1pt book}}
%       multilingual (INRS) TeX
\def\mtex{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{\^E}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000 }
\def\NTStext{N\mkern-4mu \lower.5ex\hbox{$\cal T$}\mkern-2mu S}
\def\NTS{{\ifmmode \cal\NTStext \else $\cal\NTStext $\fi}}
\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
\def\OCP{\OMEGA\acro{CP}}
\def\OTP{\OMEGA\acro{TP}}
\def\OpTeX{Op\kern-.05em\TeX}
\def\Pas{Pascal}
\def\pcMF{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3ptc}MF\spacefactor1000 }
\def\PCTeX{PC\thinspace\TeX}
\def\pcTeX{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3ptc}\TeX}
\def\PDF{\acro{PDF}}
\def\pdfLaTeX{pdf\/\-\LaTeX}
\def\pdfTeX{pdf\/\-\TeX}
\def\PGF{\acro{PGF}}
\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC\spacefactor1000 }
\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX}
\def\plain{{\tt plain}}
\def\PNG{\acro{PNG}}
\def\POBox{P.\thinspace O.~Box }
%\def\POBoxTUG{\POBox\unskip~9506, Providence, RI~02940}
\def\PS{{Post\-Script}}
\def\PSTricks{\acro{PST}ricks}
\def\RGB{\acro{RGB}}
\def\RTF{\acro{RTF}}
\def\SC{Steering Committee}
\def\SGML{\acro{SGML}}
\def\SliTeX{{\rm S\kern-.06em{\smc l\kern-.035emi}\kern-.06em\TeX}}
\def\slMF{{\manualsl META}\-{\manualsl FONT}\spacefactor1000 }
%       Atari ST (Klaus Guntermann)
\def\stTeX{{\smc st\rm\kern-0.13em\TeX}}
\def\SVG{\acro{SVG}}
\def\TANGLE{{\tt TANGLE}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\TB{{\sl The \TeX\-book\/}}
\def\TP{{\sl \TeX:\ The Program\/}}
\def\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000 }
\def\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
%       Don Hosek
\def\TeXMaG{\TeX M\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{A}\kern-.2267emG%
        \spacefactor1000 }
%\def\TeXtures{\TestCount=\the\fam
%       \TeX\-\hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle TURES$}}
\def\TeXtures{{\it Textures}}
\let\Textures=\TeXtures
\def\TeXworks{\TeX\kern-.07em works}
\def\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-\XeT}
\def\TFM{\acro{TFM}}
\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\^e\llap{\raise.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}~Th\`anh}
\def\TIFF{\acro{TIFF}}
\def\TikZ{Ti{\it k}Z}
\def\ttn{{\sl TTN}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\TTN{{\sl \TeX{} and TUG NEWS}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\tubfont{\sl}               % redefined in other situations
\def\TUB{{\tubfont TUGboat\/}}
\def\TUG{\TeX\ \UG}
\def\tug{\acro{TUG}}
\def\UG{Users Group}
\def\UNIX{\acro{UNIX}}
\def\UTF{\acro{UTF}}
\def\VAX{V\kern-.12em A\kern-.1em X\spacefactor1000 }
\def\VorTeX{V\kern-2.7pt\lower.5ex\hbox{O\kern-1.4pt R}\kern-2.6pt\TeX}
\def\XeT{X\kern-.125em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\spacefactor1000 }
\def\XML{\acro{XML}}
\def\WEB{{\tt WEB}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\WEAVE{{\tt WEAVE}\spacefactor1000 }
%  the Xe\TeX logo requires Eplain, which is not assumed here, so
%  the definition is omitted.
\def\XHTML{\acro{XHTML}}
\def\XSLT{\acro{XSLT}}

%********************************************************************

\newlinechar=`\^^J
\normallineskiplimit=1pt

\clubpenalty=10000
\widowpenalty=10000

\def\NoParIndent{\parindent=\z@}
\newdimen\normalparindent        \normalparindent=20pt          % plain = 20pt
\def\NormalParIndent{\global\parindent=\normalparindent}
\NormalParIndent

\def\BlackBoxes{\overfullrule=5pt }
\def\NoBlackBoxes{\overfullrule=\z@ }
\def\newline{\hskip\z@ plus \pagewd \break}
\def\nohyphens{\hyphenpenalty\@M\exhyphenpenalty\@M}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% emacs-page
%     *****  utility registers and definitions  *****
%

%       test registers for transient use; paired - internal/external
\newbox\T@stBox                 \newbox\TestBox
\newcount\T@stCount             \newcount\TestCount
\newdimen\T@stDimen             \newdimen\TestDimen
\newif\ifT@stIf                 \newif\ifTestIf


%       \cs existence test, stolen from TeXbook exercise 7.7
\def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax }

% LaTeX conventions which are also useful here.
\ifx\tugstyloaded@\plaintubstyle
  \let\@@input\input
  \def\iinput#1{\@@input#1 }
  \def\tub@inputcheck{\if\@nextchar\bgroup
    \expandafter\iinput\else\expandafter\@@input\fi}
  \def\input{\futurelet\@nextchar\tub@inputcheck}
  \def\@{\spacefactor=1000 }
\fi

%       Smashes repeated from AMS-TeX; PLAIN implements only full \smash .
\newif\iftop@           \newif\ifbot@
\def\topsmash{\top@true\bot@false\smash@}
\def\botsmash{\top@false\bot@true\smash@}
\def\smash{\top@true\bot@true\smash@}
\def\smash@{\relax\ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathsm@sh}%
        \else\let\next\makesm@sh\fi \next }
\def\finsm@sh{\iftop@\ht\z@\z@\fi\ifbot@\dp\z@\z@\fi\box\z@}


%       Vertical `laps'; cf. \llap and \rlap
\long\def\ulap#1{\vbox to \z@{\vss#1}}
\long\def\dlap#1{\vbox to \z@{#1\vss}}

%       And centered horizontal and vertical `laps'
\def\xlap#1{\hbox to \z@{\hss#1\hss}}
\long\def\ylap#1{\vbox to \z@{\vss#1\vss}}
\long\def\zlap#1{\ylap{\xlap{#1}}}


%       Avoid unwanted vertical glue when making up pages.
\def\basezero{\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip\z@skip}


%  Empty rules for special occasions
\def\nullhrule{\hrule height\z@ depth\z@ width\z@ }
\def\nullvrule{\vrule height\z@ depth\z@ width\z@ }

%       Support ad-hoc strut construction.
\def\makestrut[#1;#2]{\vrule height#1 depth#2 width\z@ }

%       Construct box for figure pasteup, etc.
%       height = #1, width = #2, rule thickness = #3
\def\drawoutlinebox[#1;#2;#3]{\T@stDimen=#3
        \vbox to#1{\hrule height\T@stDimen depth\z@
            \vss\hbox to#2{\vrule width\T@stDimen
                \hfil\makestrut[#1;\z@]%
                \vrule width\T@stDimen}\vss
            \hrule height\T@stDimen depth\z@}}


%       Today's date, to be printed on drafts.  Based on TeXbook, p.406.

\def\today{\number\day\space \ifcase\month\or
        Jan \or Feb \or Mar \or Apr \or May \or Jun \or
        Jul \or Aug \or Sep \or Oct \or Nov \or Dec \fi
        \number\year}

%       Current time; this may be system dependent!
\newcount\hours
\newcount\minutes
\def\SetTime{\hours=\time
        \global\divide\hours by 60
        \minutes=\hours
        \multiply\minutes by 60
        \advance\minutes by-\time
        \global\multiply\minutes by-1 }
\SetTime
\def\now{\number\hours:\ifnum\minutes<10 0\fi\number\minutes}

\def\Now{\today\ \now}

\newif\ifPrelimDraft            \PrelimDraftfalse

\def\midrtitle{\ifPrelimDraft {{\tensl preliminary draft, \Now}}\fi}

%  Section heads.  The following set of macros is used to set the large
%  TUGboat section heads (e.g. "General Delivery", "Fonts", etc.)

\newdimen\PreTitleDrop   \PreTitleDrop=\z@

\newskip\AboveTitleSkip  \AboveTitleSkip=12pt
\newskip\BelowTitleSkip  \BelowTitleSkip=8pt

\newdimen\strulethickness       \strulethickness=.6pt
\def\sthrule{\hrule height\strulethickness depth \z@ }
\def\stvrule{\vrule width\strulethickness }

\newdimen\stbaselineskip        \stbaselineskip=18pt

\def\@sectitle #1{%
  \par \SecTitletrue
  \penalty-1000
  \secsep
  \vbox{
    \sthrule
    \hbox{%
      \stvrule
      \vbox{
        \advance\hsize by -2\strulethickness
        \raggedcenter
        \def\\{\unskip\break}%
        \sectitlefont
        \makestrut[2\stfontheight;\z@]
        #1\unskip
        \makestrut[\z@;\stfontheight]\endgraf
        }%
      \stvrule }
    \sthrule }
  \nobreak
  \vskip\baselineskip }

%  distance between articles which are run together
\def\secsep{\vskip 5\baselineskip}

\newif\ifSecTitle
\SecTitlefalse



%  Registration marks; permit them to be invisible

\newdimen\RegRuleThickness  \RegRuleThickness=0.2pt

\def\HorzR@gisterRule{\vrule height\RegRuleThickness depth \z@ width 0.5in }
\def\DownShortR@gisterRule{%
        \vrule height 0.2pt depth 1pc width\RegRuleThickness }
\def\UpShortR@gisterRule{\vrule height 1pc depth \z@ width\RegRuleThickness }


%               ``T'' marks centered on top and bottom edges of paper

\def\ttopregister{\dlap{%
        \hbox to \trimwd{\HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule
                        \HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule}%
        \hbox to \trimwd{\hfil \DownShortR@gisterRule \hfil}}}
\def\tbotregister{\ulap{%
        \hbox to \trimwd{\hfil \UpShortR@gisterRule \hfil}%
        \hbox to \trimwd{\HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule
                        \HorzR@gisterRule \hfil \HorzR@gisterRule}}}

\def\topregister{\ttopregister}
\def\botregister{\tbotregister}



%       PLAIN's definition of \raggedright doesn't permit any stretch, and
%       results in too many overfull boxes.  We also turn off hyphenation.
\newdimen\raggedskip    \raggedskip=\z@
\newdimen\raggedstretch \raggedstretch=5em    % ems of font set now (10pt)
\newskip\raggedparfill  \raggedparfill=\z@ plus 1fil

\def\raggedspaces{\spaceskip=.3333em \relax \xspaceskip=.5em \relax }
%       Some applications may have to add stretch, in order to avoid
%       all overfull boxes.

\def\raggedright{%
  \nohyphens
  \rightskip=\raggedskip plus\raggedstretch \raggedspaces
  \parfillskip=\raggedparfill }
\def\raggedleft{%
  \nohyphens
  \leftskip=\raggedskip plus\raggedstretch \raggedspaces
  \parfillskip=\z@skip }
\def\raggedcenter{%
  \nohyphens
  \leftskip=\raggedskip plus\raggedstretch
  \rightskip=\leftskip \raggedspaces
  \parindent=\z@ \parfillskip=\z@skip }

\def\normalspaces{\spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip }


%       Miscellaneous useful stuff

\def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else\thinspace\fi}

%\def~{\penalty\@M \ } % tie -- this is PLAIN value; it is reset in AMS-TeX
\def~{\unskip\nobreak\ \ignorespaces} % AMS-TeX value

\def\newbox{\alloc@4\box\chardef\insc@unt}   % remove \outer
\def\boxcs#1{\box\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\setboxcs#1{\setbox\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\newboxcs#1{\expandafter\newbox\csname#1\endcsname}

\long\def\gobble#1{}

\def\vellipsis{%
  \leavevmode\kern0.5em
  \raise1pt\vbox{\baselineskip6pt\vskip7pt\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}
  }

\def\bull{\vrule height 1ex width .8ex depth -.2ex } % square bullet
\def\cents{{\rm\raise.2ex\rlap{\kern.05em$\scriptstyle/$}c}}
\def\cs#1{{\tt \char`\\#1}}
\def\Dag{\raise .6ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\dagger$}}

\def\careof{\leavevmode\hbox{\raise.75ex\hbox{c}\kern-.15em
                /\kern-.125em\smash{\lower.3ex\hbox{o}}} \ignorespaces}
\def\sfrac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em
        \raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont\z@ #1}\kern-.1em
        /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont\z@ #2}}
\def\meta#1{$\langle${\it #1\/}$\rangle$}
\def\thinskip{\hskip 0.16667em\relax}
\def\endash{--}
\def\emdash{\endash-}
\def\d@sh#1#2{\unskip#1\thinskip#2\thinskip\ignorespaces}
\def\dash{\d@sh\nobreak\endash}
\def\Dash{\d@sh\nobreak\emdash}
\def\ldash{\d@sh\empty{\hbox{\endash}\nobreak}}
\def\rdash{\d@sh\nobreak\endash}
\def\Ldash{\d@sh\empty{\hbox{\emdash}\nobreak}}
\def\Rdash{\d@sh\nobreak\emdash}

%       Hack to permit automatic hyphenation after an actual hyphen.

\def\hyph{-\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }

\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }        % "breakable" slash

\def\tbcode#1{\hbox{\tt #1}} % literal text
\def\tbcodebreak{\nolinkurl} % assume url.sty has been loaded

%  Adapted from c.t.t posting by Donald Arseneau, 26 May 93.
\def\nth#1{\TestCount=#1\relax
    \ifnum\TestCount <0 \multiply\TestCount by\m@ne \fi % subdue negatives
    \T@stCount=\TestCount
    \divide\T@stCount by 100 \multiply\T@stCount by 100
    \advance\TestCount by-\T@stCount     % n mod 100
    \ifnum\TestCount >20 \T@stCount=\TestCount
      \divide\T@stCount by 10 \multiply\T@stCount by 10
      \advance\TestCount by-\T@stCount   % n mod 10
    \fi
    \T@stCount=\the\fam\relax
    $\fam\T@stCount#1^{\fam\T@stCount
      \ifcase\TestCount th%    0th
      \or   st%                1st
      \or   nd%                2nd
      \or   rd%                3rd
      \else th%                nth
      \fi
     }$}


%       Format information on reviewed items for book review articles.

\def\Review:#1{\ifx[#1\@Rev[%
  \else Book review:\enspace\sl #1%
  \fi
  }
\def\@Rev[#1]{\ignorespaces#1\unskip:\enspace\ignorespaces\sl}
\def\reviewitem{%
  \def\revauth##1{\def\therevauth{##1, }\ignorespaces}%
  \def\revtitle##1{\def\therevtitle{{\sl##1}. }\ignorespaces}%
  \def\revpubinfo##1{\def\therevpubinfo{##1.}\ignorespaces}%
  }
\def\endreviewitem{{\noindent\interlinepenalty=10000
  \therevauth\therevtitle\therevpubinfo\endgraf}%
  \vskip\medskipamount
  \ifx\tugstyloaded@\plaintubstyle
    \DeleteOptionalSpacesandPars{\noindent\ignorespaces}%
  \fi
  }

\def\booktitle#1{{\sl #1\/}}


%       Dates and other items which identify the volume and issue

%       To use: \vol 5, 2.
%               \issdate October 1984.
%               \issueseqno=10
%       For production, these are set in a separate file, TUGBOT.DATES,
%       which is issue-specific.

\newcount\issueseqno            \issueseqno=-1

\def\v@lx{\gdef\volx{Volume~\volno~(\volyr), No.~\issno}}
\def\volyr{}
\def\volno{}
\def\vol #1,#2.{\gdef\volno{#1\unskip}%
        \gdef\issno{\ignorespaces#2\unskip}%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{\volyr}%
        \ifdim \wd\TestBox > .2em \v@lx \fi }

%  Original issue date included month and year.
\def\issdate #1#2 #3.{\gdef\issdt{#1#2 #3}\gdef\volyr{#3}%
        \gdef\bigissdt{#1{\smc\uppercase{#2}} #3}%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{\volno}%
        \ifdim \wd\TestBox > .2em \v@lx \fi }
%  Beginning in 2002, only year
\def\issyear #1.{\gdef\issdt{#1}\gdef\volyr{#1}%
        \gdef\bigissdt{#1}%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{\volno}%
        \ifdim \wd\TestBox > .2em \v@lx \fi }

\vol 0, 0.                      % volume, issue.
\issdate Thermidor, 2001.       % month, year of publication


\ifx\tugstyloaded@\plaintubstyle
  \def\tubissue#1(#2){\TUB~#1, no.~#2}
\else
  \def\tubissue#1#2{\TUB~#1, no.~#2}
\fi

\def\xEdNote{{\tenuit Editor's note:\enspace }}


%       TUGboat conventions include the issue number in the file name.
%       Permit this to be incorporated into file names automatically.
%       If issue number = 11, \Input filnam  will read tb11filnam.tex.


\def\infil@{\jobname}
\def\Input #1 {\ifnum\issueseqno<0 \def\infil@{#1}%
                \else \def\infil@{tb\number\issueseqno#1}\fi
                \edef\jobname{\infil@}\@readFLN
                \@@input \infil@\relax
                \ifRMKopen\immediate\closeout\TBremarkfile\RMKopenfalse\fi}

\newif\ifRMKopen        \RMKopenfalse
\newwrite\TBremarkfile
\def\TBremarkON#1{%
  \ifRMKopen\else\RMKopentrue\immediate\openout\TBremarkfile=\infil@.rmk \fi
  \toks@={#1}%
  \immediate\write\TBremarkfile{^^J\the\toks@}%
  \immediate\write16{^^JTBremark:: \the\toks@^^J}}
\def\TBremarkOFF#1{}
\let\TBremark=\TBremarkOFF

% for marking locations in articles that pertain to remarks
% in another file of editorial comments
\def\TUBedit#1{}

% for using different filenames in Providence than those supplied
% by authors

\def\TUBfilename#1#2{\expandafter\def\csname file@@#1\endcsname{#2}}
\newread\@altfilenames
\def\@readFLN{\openin\@altfilenames=\jobname.fln
  \ifeof\@altfilenames\let\@result\relax\else
  \def\@result{\@@input\jobname.fln }\fi
  \closein\@altfilenames
  \@result}
\@readFLN
\everyjob=\expandafter{\the\everyjob\@readFLN}

% Following needs to work entirely in TeX's mouth
\def\@tubfilename#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname file@@#1\endcsname\relax
  #1\else\csname file@@#1\endcsname\fi}

\def\fileinput#1{\@@input\@tubfilename{#1} }

%       Write out (both to a file and to the log) the starting page number
%       of an article, to be used for cross references and in contents.
%       \pagexref  is used for articles fully processed in the TUGboat run.
%       \PageXref  is used for "extra" pages, where an item is submitted
%               as camera copy, and only running heads (at most) are run.

\ifx\tugstyloaded@\plaintubstyle
\def\pagexrefON#1{%
        \write-1{\def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}%
        \write\ppoutfile{%
                \def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}%
        }
\def\PageXrefON#1{%
        \immediate\write-1{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}%
        \immediate\write\ppoutfile{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\pageno}}}
\else
\def\pagexrefON#1{%
        \write-1{\def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}%
        \write\ppoutfile{%
                \def\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}%
        }
\def\PageXrefON#1{%
        \immediate\write-1{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}%
        \immediate\write\ppoutfile{\def\expandafter
                        \noexpand\csname#1\endcsname{\number\c@page}}}
\fi

\def\pagexrefOFF#1{}
\let\pagexref=\pagexrefOFF
\def\PageXrefOFF#1{}
\let\PageXref=\PageXrefOFF

\def\xreftoON#1{%
  \ifundefined{#1}%
    ???\TBremark{Need cross reference for #1.}%
  \else\csname#1\endcsname\fi}
\def\xreftoOFF#1{???}
\let\xrefto=\xreftoOFF

\def\TBdriver#1{}


%  Authors, addresses, signatures

\def\theauthor#1{\csname theauthor#1\endcsname}
\def\theaddress#1{\csname theaddress#1\endcsname}
\def\thenetaddress#1{\csname thenetaddress#1\endcsname}

\newcount\count@@
\def\@defaultauthorlist{%         % standard way of listing authors
   \count@=\authornumber
   \advance\count@ by -2
   \count@@=0
   \loop
   \ifnum\count@>0
      \advance\count@@ by 1
      \ignorespaces\csname theauthor\number\count@@\endcsname\unskip,
      \advance\count@ by -1
   \repeat
   \count@=\authornumber
   \advance\count@ by -\count@@
   \ifnum\authornumber>0
     \ifnum\count@>1
       \count@=\authornumber
       \advance\count@ by -1
       \ignorespaces\csname theauthor\number\count@\endcsname\unskip\ and
       \fi
     \ignorespaces\csname theauthor\number\authornumber\endcsname\unskip
   \fi
  }

\def\signature#1{\def\@signature{#1}}
\def\@signature{\@defaultsignature}

\def\@defaultsignature{%
  \count@=0
  \loop
  \ifnum\count@<\authornumber
    \medskip
    \advance\count@ by \@ne
    \signaturemark
    \theauthor{\number\count@}\\
    \leavevmode\theaddress{\number\count@}\\
    \leavevmode\thenetaddress{\number\count@}\\
  \repeat
  }

\newdimen\signaturewidth   \signaturewidth=12pc
\def\makesignature{%
  \par
  \penalty9000
  \vskip\medskipamount
  \rightline{%
    \vbox{\hsize\signaturewidth \ninepoint \raggedright
      \parindent \z@ \everypar={\hangindent 1pc }
      \parskip \z@skip
      \netaddrat
      \netaddrpercent
      \def\|{\unskip\hfil\break}%
      \def\\{\endgraf}%
      \def\net{\tt}%
      \def\phone{\rm Phone: } \rm
      \@signature}}
  }

{\makeactive\@
 \gdef\signatureat{\makeactive\@\def@{\char"40\discretionary{}{}{}}}
 \makeactive\%
 \gdef\signaturepercent{\makeactive\%\def%{\char"25\discretionary{}{}{}}}
}

\def\signaturemark{\leavevmode\llap{$\diamond$\enspace}}

% emacs-page
% Some hyphenation exceptions, plus read our entire
% ushyphex.tex file if present -- unless \tubomithyphenations
% is defined, in which case do nothing (needed for tb*hyf.tex).
\ifx\tubomithyphenations\@thisisundefined
  \openin\@altfilenames=ushyphex.tex
  \ifeof\@altfilenames\else\input ushyphex.tex \fi
  % now a selected list, historically used before we input ushyphex.
  \hyphenation{Del-a-ware Dijk-stra Duane Eijk-hout
  Flor-i-da Free-BSD Ghost-script
  Hara-lam-bous Jac-kow-ski Ja-pa-nese Karls-ruhe Lua-Meta
  Mac-OS Math-Sci-Net
  Net-BSD Open-BSD Open-Office
  Post-Script Rich-ard Skoup South-all
  Vieth VM-ware Win-Edt
  acro-nym acro-nyms analy-sis ap-pen-di-ces ap-pen-dix asyn-chro-nous
  bib-lio-graph-i-cal bit-map bit-mapped bit-maps buf-fer buf-fers bool-ean
  col-umns com-put-able com-put-abil-ity
  data-base data-bases
   de-allo-cate de-allo-cates de-allo-cated de-allo-ca-tion
   de-riv-a-tive de-riv-a-tives de-riv-a-ble der-i-va-tion dis-trib-ut-able
  es-sence
  fall-ing
  half-way
  in-fra-struc-ture
  key-note
  long-est
  ma-gyar man-u-script man-u-scripts meta-table meta-tables
   mne-mon-ic mne-mon-ics mono-space mono-spaced
  name-space name-spaces
  off-line over-view
  pal-ettes par-a-digm par-a-dig-matic par-a-digms
   pipe-line pipe-lines
   plug-in plug-ins pres-ent-ly pro-gram-mable
  re-allo-cate re-allo-cates re-allo-cated re-printed
  set-ups se-vere-ly spell-ing spell-ings stand-alone strong-est
   sub-ex-pres-sion sub-tables sur-gery syn-chro-ni-city syn-chro-nous
  text-height text-length text-width
   time-stamp time-stamped time-stamps
  vis-ual vis-ual-ly
  which-ever white-space white-spaces wide-spread wrap-around
}
\fi

\restorecat\@

\let\tugboatcmn = t % so we can avoid being read twice.

\endinput


% *************************************************************************

Contents and Notes
------------------

\makeescape, ..., \makecomment allow users to change category
codes a little more easily.

\savecat#1 and \restorecat#1 will save and restore the category
of a given character.  These are useful in cases where one doesn't
wish to localize the settings and therefore be required to globally
define or set things.

\SaveCS#1 and \RestoreCS#1 save and restore `meanings' of control
sequences.  Again this is useful in cases where one doesn't want to
localize or where global definitions clobber a control sequence which
is needed later with its `old' definition.

Abbreviations.  Just a listing with indications of expansion where
that may not be obvious.  For full definitions, see real code above.

\AllTeX         (\La)\TeX
\AMS            American Mathematical Society
\AmSLaTeX
\AmSTeX
\ANSI
\ASCII
\aw             A-W (abbreviation for Addison-Wesley)
\AW             Addison-Wesley
\BibTeX
\CandT          Computers \& Typesetting
\ConTeXt
\Cplusplus      C++
\CSS
\CTAN
\DTD
\DVD
\DVI
\DVIPDFMx
\DVItoVDU
\eTeX
\FAQ
\FTP
\GNU
\GUI
\Hawaii         Hawai`i
\HTML           HTML
\HTTP
\ISBN           ISBN
\ISO
\ISSN
\JPEG
\JTeX
\JoT            The Joy of \TeX
\LAMSTeX
\LaTeX
\LaTeXe
\MacOSX         Mac OS X
\MathML
\Mc             M ``w/ raised c''
\MF             METAFONT
\mf             Metafont (using small caps)
\MFB            The Metafont book
\MP             METAPOST
\mtex           multilingual TeX
\NTS
\OMEGA
\OCP            \Omega CP
\OTP            \Omega TP
\Pas            Pascal
\pcMF           pcMF
\PCTeX
\pcTeX
\PDF            PDF
\PiCTeX
\plain          plain (in typewriter font)
\PNG
\POBox          P. O. Box
\POBoxTUG       TUG PO Box
\PS             PostScript
\RTF
\SC             Steering Committee
\SGML           SGML
\SliTeX
\slMF           Metafont (slanted)
\stTeX          TeX for the Atari ST
\SVG
\TANGLE
\TB             The \TeX book
\TP             \TeX the Program
\TeX
\TeXhax
\TeXMaG
\TeXtures
\Textures
\TeXXeT
\TFM
\Thanh          Han The Thanh
\TIFF
\ttn            TTN
\TTN            \TeX and TUG News
\TUB            TUGboat
\TUG            TeX Users Group
\tug
\UG             Users Group
\UNIX
\UTF
\VAX
\VorTeX
\XeT
\XML
\WEB
\WEAVE
\XHTML
\XSLT

\NoBlackBoxes           turns off marginal rules marking overfull boxes
\BlackBoxes             turns them back on
\newline                horizontal glue plus a break

\ifundefined#1          checks argument with \csname against \relax

\topsmash               smashes above baseline  (from AMSTeX)
\botsmash               smashes below baseline  (from AMSTeX)
\smash                  smashes both            (from plain)

\ulap                   lap upwards
\dlap                   lap downwards
\xlap                   reference point at center horizontally; 0 width
\ylap                   reference point at center vertically; 0 height, depth
\zlap                   combination \xlap and \ylap

\basezero               to avoid insertion of baselineskip and lineskip glue

\nullhrule              empty \hrule
\nullvrule              empty \vrule

\makestrut[#1;#2]       ad hoc struts;  #1=height, #2=depth

\today                  today's date
\SetTime                converts \time to hours, minutes
\now                    displays time in hours and minutes
\Now                    shows current date and time

\ifPrelimDraft          flag to indicate status as preliminary draft

\rtitlex                TUGboat volume and number info for running head
\midrtitle              information for center of running head

\HorzR@gisterRule       pieces of registration marks ("trimmarks")
\DownShortR@gisterRule
\UpShortR@gisterRule

\ttopregister           top registration line with `T' in center
\tbotregister           bottom registration line with inverted `T' in center
\topregister            register actually used
\botregister


\raggedskip             parameters used for ragged settings
\raggedstretch
\raggedparfill
\raggedspaces

\raggedright
\raggedleft
\raggedcenter
\normalspaces
\raggedbottom

\bull                   square bullet
\cents                  ``cents'' sign
\Dag                    superscripted dagger
\careof                 c/o
\sfrac                  slashed fraction

\dash                   en-dash surrounded by thinspaces; only breakable AFTER
\Dash                   em-dash, as above

\hyph                   permit automatic hyphenation after an actual hyphen

\slash                  "breakable" slash
\nth                    for obtaining "1^{st}", "2^{nd}", 3^{rd}, etc.

\tubissue               gets \TUB followed by volume and issue numbers

\xEdNote                Editor's Note:

\Review:                Review: (for title of book review article)
\reviewitem             begin data for item being reviewed
  \revauth              with one argument, author(s) of item being reviewed
  \revtitle             with one argument, title of ...
  \revpubinfo           with one argument, other info pertaining to ...
\endreviewitem          end data for item being reviewed
\booktitle              with one argument, format book title in text

\Input                  \input with some other bookkeeping for
                        case where multiple articles are put together

\TBremark               reminder to TUGboat editorial staff
\TBremarkON
\TBremarkOFF

\pagexref               used to write out page numbers to screen and
\pagexrefON             external files
\pagexrefOFF
\PageXref
\PageXrefON
\PageXrefOFF

\xrefto                 used for symbolic cross-reference to other pages
\xreftoON               in TUGboat
\xreftoOFF

\TBdriver               marks code which only takes effect when articles
                        are run together in a driver file

\signatureat            items for signatures
\signaturepercent
\signaturemark
\signaturewidth


%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%  History of changes

Version   Date        Changes
-------   ---------   ---------------------------------------------------
1.30      15 Apr 24   remove duplicate \TP definition.

1.29      28 Oct 23   in \AllTeX, kern around ).
                      define \pdfTeX and \pdfLaTeX with italic corrections.
                      define \LMTX.
                      define \tbcode and \tbcodebreak.
                      make \gobble \long.
                      \input ushyphex.tex if it exists; correct explicit
                        hyphenation list.

1.28      11 Jun 23   (belatedly) add \meta, change \TP to print : in \sl,
                      Lua-Meta hyphenation exception.

1.24       5 Sep 18   \tugboatcmn sentinent, \plusplus separated out.

1.23      19 Mar 17   move \manual and \manualsl to tugboat.sty.

1.22      31 Oct 16   define \CSabbr, \CSTUG;
                      use logosl10 (\manualsl) for \slMF.

1.21       2 Aug 13   define \LyX

1.20       4 Apr 12   allow omission of hyphenation list

1.19      20 May 08   additions to hyphenation list

1.18       7 Jun 06   another fix to repair a stupid mistake

1.16-1.17 24 May 06   fixes to repair stupid mistakes in 1.15

1.15      30 Apr 06   additions to match ltugboat.cls v2.0, 2006/04/25:
                        name macros and hyphenation exceptions

1.14      21 Jun 04   added numerous name macros and hyphenation exceptions

1.13l     15 Nov 03   updated header address to Portland, OR

1.13k     28 Jun 03   added \RegRuleThickness to allow easy modification

1.13j     16 Feb 03   added \issyear to handle removal of month

1.13i     14 Oct 96   updated header and installed CRC-16 checksum

1.13h     10 Nov 95   added \acro and converted all \SMC entries to use it
                      added acronyms \HTML and \PDF

1.13g      4 Nov 95   added \MP for METAPOST

1.13f     15 Apr 94   added \@Rev[...] to permit variable text for reviews

1.13e     14 Mar 94   revised definition of \La to use actual width of A
                      added \LaTeXe definition

1.13d      5 Jan 94   added {} to \TeX-{}-\Xet

1.13c     11 Nov 93   removed extraneous " from header
                      added \AmSLaTeX, \CTAN, \ISSN

1.13b      4 Nov 93   added \hyphenation{Eijk-hout}

1.13a     18 Aug 93   corrected \nth to produce ordinal in current font

1.13      27 May 93   upgraded \nth based on algorithm by Donald Arseneau
                        in comp.text.tex, 26 May 93

1.12      19 Feb 93   added \spacefactor1000 to all replacement text that ends
                        with a capital letter, so that if these items end a
                        sentence, there will be a normal end-of-sentence space
                      removed \hbox from definitions of \TeX, etc.; no longer
                        needed
                      changed definition of \TeXXeT to use \XeT rather than
                        unique dimensions
                      installed new TUG address and phone number in header
                      reformatted change history, similar to tugboat.sty

1.11c     29 Nov 92   added macros to format book review and related items for
                        review articles
                      added \SGML
                      changed def of \UNIX to use \SMC rather than \smc

1.11b     20 Oct 92   added font code for \ISBN font ("big small caps")
                      added \Textures as the current form

1.11a      6 Jun 92   added \drawoutlinebox

1.11      15 Mar 92   added \ttn and \TTN

1.10       8 Mar 92   added \AllTeX
                      changed file name from .COM to .CMN to avoid objection
                        that .COM files have a special significance on DOS
                        and other operating systems
                      added standard headers, prepared for archive installation

1.09       5 May 91   inserted large penalty at top of \makesignature to
                        inhibit break between article and signature

1.08      24 Oct 90   modified signature slightly (took \medskip out of box)
                      fixed bug in previous rendition of \@readFLN

1.07      16 Oct 90   added \TUBedit to facilitate editorial marking
                      added \iinput variant from LaTeX; \input redefined now
                        as with LaTeX
                      added mechanism for local file names in Providence
                        (\TUBfilename, \fileinput, etc.)
                      \tugstyload@ defaults to plain if it's not defined

1.06       3 Aug 90   added \leavevmode to \@defaultsignature so that
                        \everypar is not executed inside a group
                      dash routines modified and corrected (to suppress
                        insertion of discretionary node after -- and ---;
                        and to allow hyphenation of ensuing word)
                      changed \lDash to \Ldash and \rDash to \Rdash

1.05      29 Mar 90   added \lDash and \rDash for `parenthetical' dashing
                      added \TP for TeX: The Program
                      added \relax after file input of \Input
                      added \relax before \ifmmode of \,

1.04      28 Feb 90   modified pagexref macros to work in both plain and
                        latex styles (this should NOT affect authors)

1.03      26 Feb 90   removed <tab>s and adjusted definition of \slMF

1.02      25 Feb 90   added definitions of \plaintubissue, \latextubissue
                      added definition of \tubissue

1.01      19 Feb 90   added \signaturewidth to allow for modification
                      added \nth to obtain 1^{st}, etc.