% Copyright 2012-2024, Alexander Shibakov
% This file is part of SPLinT
%
% SPLinT is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% SPLinT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with SPLinT.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

% limbo.sty version 3.0

\input epsf.tex
\input amssym.def

\catcode`\@=11 % a name space protection measure (weak)

% fonts
\font\tenboldi=cmbxti10
\font\nineboldi=cmbxti9
\font\eightboldi=cmbxti8
\font\sevenboldi=cmbxti7
\font\sixboldi=cmbxti6
\font\fiveboldi=cmbxti5

\font\twelvebi=cmmib10 at 12pt
\font\tenbi=cmmib10
\font\tencyr=lhr10
\font\ninebi=cmmib9
\font\sevenbi=cmmib7
\font\sixbi=cmmib6
\font\twelvebsy=cmbsy10 at 12pt
\font\ninebsy=cmbsy9
\font\sevenbsy=cmbsy7

\font\twelvei=cmmi10 at 12pt
\font\ninei=cmmi9
\font\twelvesy=cmsy10 at 12pt
\font\ninesy=cmsy9

\font\twelvetitle=cmssbx12
\font\tentitle=cmssbx10
\font\tentitlei=cmssbxo10
\font\ninetitle=cmssbx9
\font\eighttitle=cmssbx8
\font\seventitle=cmssbx7
\font\titlefrak=eufb10 at 12pt

%\font\eightss=cmssq8
%\font\eightssi=cmssqi8

\font\tenss=cmss10
\font\niness=cmss9
\font\eightss=cmss8
\font\sevenss=cmss7
\font\sixss=cmss6
\font\fivess=cmss5

\font\tenssn=cmssdc10
\font\ninessn=cmssdc9
\font\eightssn=cmssdc8
\font\sevenssn=cmssdc7
\font\sixssn=cmssdc6
\font\fivessn=cmssdc5

\font\tenssb=cmssbx10
\font\ninessb=cmssbx9
\font\eightssb=cmssbx8
\font\sevenssb=cmssbx7
\font\sixssb=cmssbx6
\font\fivessb=cmssbx5

\font\twelvetitleit=cmssbxo10 at 12pt
\font\ninetitleit=cmssbxo10 at 9pt
\font\seventitleit=cmssbxo10 at 7pt

\font\authorfont=cmssqi8
\font\affiliationfont=cmssq8
\font\timefont=cmss7
\font\keywordsfn=cmssbx8

\font\tentex=cmtex10
\font\ninetex=cmtex9
\font\eighttex=cmtex8

\font\inchhigh=cminch
\font\titlefont=cmssdc10 at 40pt

\font\ninerm=cmr9
\font\eightrm=cmr8
\font\sevenrm=cmr7
\font\sixrm=cmr6

\font\ninecyr=lhr9
\font\eightcyr=lhr8
\font\sevencyr=lhr7

\font\ninei=cmmi9
\font\eighti=cmmi8
\font\sixi=cmmi6
\skewchar\ninei='177 \skewchar\eighti='177 \skewchar\sixi='177

\font\ninesy=cmsy9
\font\eightsy=cmsy8
\font\sixsy=cmsy6
\skewchar\ninesy='60 \skewchar\eightsy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60

\font\twelvebf=cmbx12
\font\ninebf=cmbx9
\font\eightbf=cmbx8
\font\sixbf=cmbx6

\font\ninett=cmtt9
\font\eighttt=cmtt8
\font\seventt=cmtt7
\font\sixtt=cmtt6

\font\tentti=cmitt10 % typewriter italic
\font\ninetti=cmitt9
\font\eighttti=cmitt8
\font\seventti=cmitt7
\font\sixtti=cmitt6

\hyphenchar\tentt=-1 % inhibit hyphenation in typewriter type
\hyphenchar\ninett=-1
\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1

\font\ninesl=cmsl9
\font\eightsl=cmsl8
\font\sevensl=cmsl7
\font\sixsl=cmsl6

\font\nineit=cmti9
\font\eightit=cmti8
\font\sevenit=cmti7
\font\sixit=cmti6
\font\fiveit=cmti5

\font\twelvemsam=msam10 at 12pt
\font\tenmsam=msam10
\font\ninemsam=msam9
\font\eightmsam=msam8
\font\sevenmsam=msam7
\font\sixmsam=msam6
\font\fivemsam=msam5

\font\twelvemsbm=msbm10 at 12pt
\font\tenmsbm=msbm10
\font\ninemsbm=msbm9
\font\eightmsbm=msbm8
\font\sevenmsbm=msbm7
\font\sixmsbm=msbm6
\font\fivemsbm=msbm5

\font\tenfrak=eufm10
\font\ninefrak=eufm9
\font\eightfrak=eufm8
\font\sevenfrak=eufm7
\font\sixfrak=eufm6

\font\nineidss=idssbx9
\font\eightidss=idssbx8
\font\sevenidss=idssbx7
\font\sixidss=idssbx6

\font\hv=phvr

\font\dings=pzdr
\font\dingssmall=pzdr at 8pt
\chardef\pen='062
\chardef\leaf='247
\chardef\fancystar='122

\newfam\ssfam
\newfam\ssbnfam
\newfam\itbfam
\newfam\msbmfam
\newfam\msamfam

% take `<=' and `>=' from Euler ...
% but this will be changed back in the title due to 
% the absence of the bold version

\mathchardef\leq="3\hexnumber@\msamfam36 \let\le=\leq
\mathchardef\geq="3\hexnumber@\msamfam3E \let\ge=\geq
\mathchardef\emptyset="0\hexnumber@\msbfam3F

% left and right `french quotes' (guillemots); the characters reside in lhr fonts

\chardef\lqq='375
\chardef\rqq='376

\def\cdotfill{\cleaders\hbox {$\m@th \mkern .5mu\cdot\mkern .5mu$}\hfill}
\def\dinkus{$\ast\ast\ast$}
\def\asterism{\setbox0\hbox{$\ast$}\copy0 \kern-.3\wd0 \raise\ht0 \copy0 \kern-.3\wd0 \copy0 }

\newskip\ttglue
\def\tenpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}%
  \textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit}%
  \textfont\itfam=\tenit\scriptfont\itfam=\sevenit
   \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\fiveit
  \def\itbold{\fam\itbfam\tenboldi}%
  \textfont\itbfam=\tenboldi\scriptfont\itfam=\sevenboldi
   \scriptscriptfont\itbfam=\fiveboldi
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\tensl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\tti{\fam\ttfam\tentti % switch to typewriter italic 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\ttex{\tentex 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\ttl{\let\it\tentitlei\let\sl\tentitlei\tentitle}%
  \def\ssf{\fam\ssfam\tenss}%
  \textfont\ssfam=\tenss\scriptfont\ssfam=\sevenss
  \def\ssfb{\fam\ssfam\tenssb}%
  \def\ssfbn{\fam\ssbnfam\tenssb}%
  \textfont\ssbnfam=\tenssn\scriptfont\ssfam=\sevenssn
  \textfont\ttfam=\tentt\scriptfont\ttfam=\seventt
  \fam\ttfam\tentt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \def\Bbb{\fam\msbmfam\tenmsbm}%
  \textfont\msbmfam=\tenmsbm\scriptfont\msbmfam=\sevenmsbm \scriptscriptfont\msbmfam=\fivemsbm
  \textfont\msamfam=\tenmsam\scriptfont\msamfam=\sevenmsam 
  \scriptscriptfont\msamfam=\fivemsam
  \def\frak##1{{\tenfrak ##1}}%
  \normalbaselineskip=12pt
  \let\sc=\eightrm
  \let\sci=\eightit
  \let\mc=\ninerm
  \let\cyr=\tencyr
  \let\big=\tenbig
  \let\idss=\eightidss
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8.5pt depth3.5pt width0pt}%
  \let\sscmd\sevenpoint
  \normalbaselines\rm}

\def\ninepoint{\def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}%
  \textfont0=\ninerm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\ninei \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\ninesy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}%
  \textfont\itfam=\nineit\scriptfont\itfam=\sixit
  \def\itbold{\fam\itbfam\nineboldi}%
  \textfont\itbfam=\nineboldi\scriptfont\itfam=\sixboldi
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\ninesl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\ninebf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\tti{\fam\ttfam\ninetti % switch to typewriter italic 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\ttex{\ninetex 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\ttl{\let\it\ninetitleit\let\sl\ninetitleit\ninetitle}%
  \def\ssf{\fam\ssfam\niness}%
  \textfont\ssfam=\niness\scriptfont\ssfam=\sixss
  \def\ssfb{\fam\ssfam\ninessb}%
  %no room for another font family
  \def\ssfbn{\fam\ssbnfam\ninessn}%
  \textfont\ssbnfam=\ninessn\scriptfont\ssbnfam=\sixssn
  \textfont\ttfam=\ninett\scriptfont\ttfam=\sixtt
  \fam\ttfam\ninett \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \def\Bbb{\fam\msbmfam\ninemsbm}%
  \textfont\msbmfam=\ninemsbm\scriptfont\msbmfam=\sixmsbm \scriptscriptfont\msbmfam=\fivemsbm
  \textfont\msamfam=\ninemsam\scriptfont\msamfam=\sixmsam 
  \scriptscriptfont\msamfam=\fivemsam
  \def\frak##1{{\ninefrak ##1}}%
  \normalbaselineskip=11pt
  \let\sc=\sevenrm
  \let\sci\sevenit
  \let\mc=\eightrm
  \let\cyr=\ninecyr
  \let\big=\ninebig
  \let\idss=\sevenidss
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt}%
  \let\sscmd\sixpoint
  \normalbaselines\rm}

\def\eightpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}%
  \textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}%
  \def\itbold{\fam\itbfam\eightboldi}%
  \textfont\itfam=\eightit
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\eightsl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\tti{\fam\ttfam\eighttti % switch to typewriter italic 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\ttex{\eighttex 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt
  \fam\ttfam\eighttt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \def\ssf{\fam\ssfam\eightss}%
  \textfont\ssfam=\eightss\scriptfont\ssfam=\sixss
  \def\ssfb{\fam\ssfam\eightssb}%
  \def\ssfbn{\fam\ssbnfam\eightssb}%
  \textfont\ssbnfam=\eightssn\scriptfont\ssbnfam=\sixssn
  \def\Bbb{\fam\msbmfam\eightmsbm}%
  \textfont\msbmfam=\eightmsbm\scriptfont\msbmfam=\sixmsbm \scriptscriptfont\msbmfam=\fivemsbm
  \textfont\msamfam=\eightmsam\scriptfont\msamfam=\sixmsam 
  \scriptscriptfont\msamfam=\fivemsam
  \def\frak##1{{\eightfrak ##1}}%
  \normalbaselineskip=9pt
  \let\sc=\sixrm
  \let\sci=\sixit
  \let\mc=\sevenrm
  \let\cyr=\eightcyr
  \let\big=\eightbig
  \let\idss=\sixidss
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt depth2pt width0pt}%
  \let\sscmd\sixpoint
  \normalbaselines\rm}

\def\sevenpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\sevenrm}%
  \textfont0=\sevenrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\seveni \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\sevensy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\sevenit}%
  \def\itbold{\fam\itbfam\sevenboldi}%
  \textfont\itfam=\sevenit
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\sevensl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\sevensl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\sevenbf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\sevenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\seventt
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\tti{\fam\ttfam\seventti % switch to typewriter italic 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \textfont\ttfam=\seventt
  \fam\ttfam\seventt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \def\ssf{\fam\ssfam\sevenss}%
  \textfont\ssfam=\sevenss\scriptfont\ssfam=\sixss
  \def\ssfb{\fam\ssfam\sevenssb}%
  \def\ssfbn{\fam\ssbnfam\sevenssb}%
  \textfont\ssbnfam=\sevenssn\scriptfont\ssbnfam=\sixssn
  \def\Bbb{\fam\msbmfam\sevenmsbm}%
  \textfont\msbmfam=\sevenmsbm\scriptfont\msbmfam=\sixmsbm \scriptscriptfont\msbmfam=\fivemsbm
  \textfont\msamfam=\sevenmsam\scriptfont\msamfam=\sixmsam 
  \scriptscriptfont\msamfam=\fivemsam
  \def\frak##1{{\sevenfrak ##1}}%
  \normalbaselineskip=8pt
  \let\sc=\sixrm
  \let\sci=\sixit
  \let\mc=\sixrm
  \let\big=\sevenbig
  \let\idss=\sixidss
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height6pt depth2pt width0pt}%
  \normalbaselines\rm}

\def\sixpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\sixrm}%
  \textfont0=\sixrm \scriptfont0=\fiverm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\sixi \scriptfont1=\fivei \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\sixsy \scriptfont2=\fivesy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\sixit}%
  \def\itbold{\fam\itbfam\sixboldi}%
  \textfont\itfam=\sixit
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\sixsl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\sixsl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\sixbf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\sixbf \scriptfont\bffam=\fivebf\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\sixtt
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \def\tti{\fam\ttfam\sixtti % switch to typewriter italic 
    \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
    \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  }%
  \textfont\ttfam=\sixtt
  \fam\ttfam\sixtt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \def\ssf{\fam\ssfam\sixss}%
  \textfont\ssfam=\sixss\scriptfont\ssfam=\fivess
  \def\ssfb{\fam\ssfam\sixssb}%
  \def\ssfbn{\fam\ssbnfam\sixssb}%
  \textfont\ssbnfam=\sixssn\scriptfont\ssbnfam=\fivessn
  \def\Bbb{\fam\msbmfam\sixmsbm}%
  \textfont\msbmfam=\sixmsbm\scriptfont\msbmfam=\fivemsbm \scriptscriptfont\msbmfam=\fivemsbm
  \textfont\msamfam=\sixmsam\scriptfont\msamfam=\fivemsam 
  \scriptscriptfont\msamfam=\fivemsam
  \def\frak##1{{\sixfrak ##1}}%
  \normalbaselineskip=8pt
  \let\sc=\sixrm
  \let\sci=\sixit
  \let\mc=\sixrm
  \let\big=\sixbig
  \let\idss=\sixidss
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height5.5pt depth1.5pt width0pt}%
  \normalbaselines\rm}

\def\em{\let\tt\tti\let\sc\sci\it}

% fonts for the chapter titles

\font\cmhuge=cmssbx10 at .7in
\font\tthuge=cmtt10 at .7 in

\font\cmmiddle=cmss10 at .3in
\font\ttmiddle=cmtt10 at .3in

\def\hugetitle{%
    \let\ssf\cmhuge
    \let\tt\tthuge
    \ssf
}

\def\midtitle{%
    \let\ssf\cmmiddle
    \let\tt\ttmiddle
    \ssf
}

% temporary registers

\input trt1.sty

% we can prevent acrobat from defaulting to
% the "shrink to printable area" setting, which causes an 8.5"\times11" page to shrink
% by about 6\% to fit onto the printable region of the physical printer;
% this macro was contributed by Jeff Norden. 

\ifx\pdfcatalog\UNDEFINED\else
 \pdfcatalog{/ViewerPreferences<</PrintScaling/None>>}%
\fi

% a slightly involved way of determining whether we are making a pdf file is
% due to the fact that pdftex can output dvi files as well.

\newif\ifmakepdf

\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
  \makepdffalse
\else
  \ifnum\pdfoutput>\z@ 
    \makepdftrue
  \else
    \makepdffalse
  \fi
\fi

% cleaning up whitespace

\newif\ifspaceleft

\def\removewhitespace{% a macro that removes glue, kerns, and
		      % penalties before the current point
  \loop\spaceleftfalse\unwhitespaceonce\ifspaceleft\repeat
}

\def\unwhitespaceonce{%
\ifhmode
    \ifdim\lastskip=\z@\else\unskip\spacelefttrue\fi
    \ifdim\lastkern=\z@\else\unkern\spacelefttrue\fi
    \ifnum\lastpenalty=\z@\else\unpenalty\spacelefttrue\fi
\fi}

% color management

% remember the cmyk color in an impossible control sequence

\def\colordef#1#2{\expandafter\def\csname cmykc@l@r #1\endcsname{#2}}

% color switch: we maintain our own color stack for pdf output;
% newer versions of pdf\TeX\ have `proper' color stack primitives
% which provide a more reliable implementation (across page breaks
% and inside insertions, for example) 

\def\colorset#1{\begingroup
  \ifmakepdf
    \expandafter\let\expandafter\currentc@l@r\csname cmykc@l@r #1\endcsname
    \edef\next{\noexpand\pdfliteral{\csname cmykc@l@r #1\endcsname\space k}}\next
  \else
    \special{ps:gsave}%
    \edef\next{\special{ps:\csname cmykc@l@r #1\endcsname\space setcmykcolor}}\next
  \fi
}

\def\currentc@l@r{1 1 1 1} % start out black

\def\quickcolordef#1#2{\colordef{#1}{#2}%
  \expandafter\def\csname color#1\endcsname##1{\colorset{#1}##1\restorecolor}}

\def\grayset#1{\begingroup
  \ifmakepdf
    \def\currentc@l@r##1k{#1 g}% so we can use \restoreco...
    \pdfliteral{#1 g}%
  \else
    \special{ps:gsave}\special{ps:#1 setgray}%
  \fi
}

\def\restorecolor{\endgroup
  \ifmakepdf
    \expandafter\pdfliteral\expandafter{\currentc@l@r\space k}%
  \else
    \special{ps:grestore}%
  \fi
}

% macros to provide pdf references to outside documents as well as inside the code

\def\locallink#1{%
  \ifmakepdf\colorset{link}\pdfstartlink attr {/Border [0 0 0]} goto name {#1}\fi}

\def\exlinkpage#1#2#3{\colorset{link}%
  \ifmakepdf\pdfstartlink attr {/Border [0 0 0]} goto file {#1} page #2 {#3}\fi}

\def\endlink{\ifmakepdf\pdfendlink\restorecolor\fi}

\def\namedspot#1{\ifmakepdf
  % raise the reference to make sure that the viewer window shows the
  % whole line in which the reference occurs
  \raise\ht\strutbox\vbox to 0pt{\vss\hbox to 0pt{\pdfdest name {#1} xyz}}%
\fi}

\def\pdfpagelink#1{% reference the page number
    \pdfstartlink attr {/Border [0 0 0]} goto page #1 {/XYZ null null null}\BlueGreen#1\Black\pdfendlink
}

\quickcolordef{peach}{0 0.06 0.14 0}
\quickcolordef{corn}{0 0.06 0.63 0.02}
\quickcolordef{sandybrown}{0 0.33 0.61 0.04}
\quickcolordef{darkwood}{0 0.29 0.5 0.48}
\quickcolordef{link}{0 0 1 0.30}

\def\colorblack#1{\grayset{0}#1\restorecolor}
\def\colorwhite#1{\grayset{1}#1\restorecolor}
\def\colorgray#1{\grayset{.5}#1\restorecolor}

% verbatim listing macros borrowed (with changes) from The TeXbook

\newcount\democodelc

\chardef\other=12
\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup
  \catcode`\\=\other
  \catcode`\{=\other
  \catcode`\}=\other
  \catcode`\$=\other
  \catcode`\&=\other
  \catcode`\#=\other
  \catcode`\%=\other
  \catcode`\~=\other
  \catcode`\_=\other
  \catcode`\|=\other
  \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em }

{\catcode`\^=\active \catcode`\*=7 \obeylines
 \gdef^{\leavevmode\ttverbatim \spaceskip\ttglue \def**M{\endgroup\cr}\let^=\endgroup}}

\def\beginlines{\begingroup\parindent0pt \obeylines \everypar{\strut}\catcode`\^=\active}
\def\endlines{\endgroup}

\def\paddednumber#1{\ifnum #1 < 10 0\number#1\relax\else \number#1\fi}

% demo code display
% **H will produce a `|', **K can be used as an escape character, **L and **N 
% can be used in place of left and right braces to provide some control **C is
% a comment character when needed

{\catcode`\ =\active\gdef {\phantom{\char"20\relax}}\catcode`\^^H=\active\gdef^^H{\yl}}%

\newif\ifnumberlines

\def\begindemo{%
  \medskip
  \bgroup
  \def\linenoup{%
    \global\advance\democodelc by1 
    \ifnumberlines{\sevenrm\paddednumber\democodelc}\fi}
  \def\nooutput{\omit\hfil{\sevenrm\strut[more code $\ldots$]}\hfil\cr\noalign{\kern3pt}}
  \catcode`\^=\active\democodelc=0 \catcode`\*=7
  \chardef\*=`\*%
  \catcode`\^^H=\active % ^^H
  \catcode`\^^K=0 \catcode`\^^L=1 \catcode`\^^N=2 \catcode`\^^C=14 
  \tabskip=0pt plus 1 fill 
  \halign \demoastyle\bgroup\linenoup\hskip\demomargin ##\hfil\hskip\demomargin%
  \ifnumberlines{\sevenrm\paddednumber\democodelc}\fi\cr%
}

\def\enddemo{\egroup\egroup\medskip\noindent}

% referencing lines from the demo code
\def\dlbl#1{\expandafter\xdef\csname lncnt_#1\endcsname{\the\democodelc}}%
\def\dref#1{\csname lncnt_#1\endcsname}%

\newskip\demomargin
\demomargin=3em

\def\demoastyle{to\hsize}

% macros to provide some primitive alignment

\def\texalignment{\setbox0\lastbox\setbox0\lastbox\unkern\begingroup\settabs 3 \columns
\let\C\tabC\let\8\tabalign\def\5{\relax\ifmmode\oopsamp\else\clearamp\fi}\def\6{\strut\cr}}

\def\oopsamp{$&$}
\def\clearamp{&}

\def\texalignmentshort{\setbox0\lastbox\setbox0\lastbox\unkern\begingroup\settabs 2 \columns
  \let\C\tabC\let\8\tabalign\def\5{\ifmmode\oopsamp\else\clearamp\fi}\def\6{\strut\cr}}

\def\endtexalignment{\vskip-\baselineskip\strut\endgroup}

\def\eatcr#1\6{\ignorespaces}

\newtoks\postlimbotoks

\def\postlimbostuff{%
}

\def\picture#1{\ifmakepdf\pdfximage{#1.pdf}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage
  \else
  \epsfbox{#1.eps}\fi
}

\let\yl|   % to use in \TeX\ mode instead of `|'
\def\vl{|} % same as above but expandable
\def\greaterthan{>} % CTANGLE always leaves a space after `>' in the output which interferes with some macros

% redefinitions of various CWEB macros;

% macros that provide a way to customize printing of reserved words

\let\oldamp\&
\let\oldoneletterid\|
\let\oldslashslash\\

\def\replaceunderscore#1{%
  \ifx#1\_%
      \yybreak{x\replaceunderscore}%
  \else
      \ifx#1\#%
          \yybreak@{H\replaceunderscore}%
      \else
          \ifx#1\end
              \yybreak@@{}%
          \else
              \yybreak@@{\string#1\replaceunderscore}%
          \fi
      \fi
  \yycontinue
}
      
\def\reservedid#1{\expandafter\r@servedid\expandafter{\csname RVD\replaceunderscore#1\end\endcsname}{#1}}

\def\r@servedid#1#2{\ifx#1\relax\yybreak{\oldamp{#2}}\else\yybreak{#1}\yycontinue}

\def\reservedname#1{\expandafter\r@servedname\expandafter{\csname RVD\replaceunderscore#1\end\endcsname}{#1}}

\def\r@servedname#1#2{\ifx#1\relax\yybreak{\oldslashslash{#2}}\else\yybreak{#1}\yycontinue}

\def\reservedoneletterid#1{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname RVD\string#1\endcsname\relax
      \yybreak{\oldoneletterid{#1}}%
  \else
      \yybreak{\csname RVD\string#1\endcsname}%
  \yycontinue}

\def\defreserved#1{%
    \expandafter\def\csname RVD\replaceunderscore#1\end\endcsname
}

\let\&\reservedid
\let\|\reservedoneletterid

% better `hash'

\let\oldhash\#
\def\#{\lower.5pt\hbox{\tt\oldhash}}

\let\oldmathS\$

% cweb macros adopted to making typesetting languages other than C possible: Makefile and linker scripts.

\tempca=\catcode`\^^I% remember the old catcode
\catcode`\^^I=\active
\def\vb{\begingroup\catcode`\^^I=\active\vvb} % give the tab a chance to change its catcode before the rest is scanned
\def\vvb#1{{%
  \hbox{\vbox{\ttex%\tt
  \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string
  \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
  \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string
  %\let\ =\space % space in a string
  \def\ {\phantom{0}}%
  \let\_=\UL % underline in a string
  \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string
  \let\^=\CF % circumflex in a string
  \let\$=\oldmathS % dollar sign
  \let\#=\oldhash % hash symbol: the new definition above would break alignment
  \let\n\empty % the `end of line' inserted by the preprocessing script
  \def^^I{$\llcorner$&$\lrcorner$}% a tab is a tab
  \tabalign{}#1\cr}}}\endgroup} % verbatim string
\catcode`\^^I=\tempca

\def\hex{\hbox{\tt\aftergroup}\aftergroup\hexsubscript}
\def\hexsubscript{\hbox{$_{\scriptscriptstyle1\kern-.7pt6}$}}
\let\K=\Leftarrow
\setbox\MGbox=\hbox{\hbox{\ninei\char'053}}
\def\R{\hbox{$^{\rm not}$}}
\let\CM\lnot
\def\MRL#1{\KK#1}\def\KK#1#2{\buildrel\;{\let\OR\lor\scriptscriptstyle#1}\over#2}
\def\C#1{\5\5\quad\hbox{$\triangleright\,$}{\rm #1}\hbox{$\,\triangleleft$}}
\let\Z=\leq \let\G=\geq
\let\E==

\def\tabC#1{\quad$\triangleright\,${\cmntfont#1}$\,\triangleleft$}

\def\.#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt % typewriter type for strings
  \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string
  \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
  \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
  \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string
  \let\ =\SP % space in a string
  %\let\_=\UL % underline in a string
  \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string
  \let\^=\CF % circumflex in a string
  \let\uscore\_\chardef\_=`\_%
  #1\kern.05em}}

% macros to change the appearance of section headers

\outer\def\N#1#2#3.{% beginning of starred section
    \ifacro{\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks#3\outlinedone\outlinedone}\fi
    \gdepth=#1\gtitle={#3}\MN{#2}%
    \ifon\ifnum#1<\secpagedepth \vfil\eject % force page break if depth is small
      \else\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg\vskip\intersecskip\fi\fi
    \message{*\secno} % progress report
    \def\stripprefix##1>{}\def\gtitletoks{#3}%
    \edef\gtitletoks{\expandafter\stripprefix\meaning\gtitletoks}%
    \edef\next{\write\cont{%\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\eatone{\noexpand\meaning\noexpand\ZZ}%
                \noexpand\noexpand\noexpand % AS: this is a (sort of a) bug in cwebmac.tex
                                            % as long as the index is output (i.e. ...\eject) 
                                            % before all the sections this is unnecessary
                                            % uncomment the line after the brace to see what \ZZ
                                            % expands to in case of weird errors
                \ZZ{\gtitletoks}{#1}{\secno}% write to contents file
     {\noexpand\the\pageno}{\the\toksE}}}\next % \ZZ{title}{depth}{sec}{page}{ss}
    \ifpdftex\expandafter\xdef\csname curr#1\endcsname{\secno}%
      \ifnum#1>0\countB=#1 \advance\countB by-1
        \advancenumber{chunk\the\countB.\expnumber{curr\the\countB}}\fi\fi
    \ifpdf\special{pdf: outline #1 << /Title (\the\toksE) /Dest
      [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ] >>}\fi
    \ifon\startsection{\ttl#3.\ }\ignorespaces} % changed the font; AS

\let\oldN\N

\outer\def\textN#1#2#3.{% beginning of starred section in `text' mode
    \ifacro{\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks#3\outlinedone\outlinedone}\fi
    \gdepth=#1\gtitle={#3}\MN{#2}%
    \ifon
        \ifnum#1<2
            \vfil\eject % force page break for chapters
        \else
            \vskip0pt plus 3.5\baselineskip\penalty-100\vskip0pt plus -3.5\baselineskip\vskip\intersecskip % no page break
        \fi
    \fi
    \message{*\secno} % progress report
    \def\stripprefix##1>{}\def\gtitletoks{#3}%
    \edef\gtitletoks{\expandafter\stripprefix\meaning\gtitletoks}%
    \edef\next{\write\cont{%\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\eatone{\noexpand\meaning\noexpand\ZZ}%
                \noexpand\noexpand\noexpand % AS this is a (sort of) bug in cwebmac.tex
                                            % as long as the index is output (i.e. ...\eject) 
                                            % before all the sections this is unnecessary
                                            % uncomment the line after the brace to see what \ZZ
                                            % expands to in case of weird errors
                \ZZ{\gtitletoks}{#1}{\secno}% write to contents file
     {\noexpand\the\pageno}{\the\toksE}}}\next % \ZZ{title}{depth}{sec}{page}{ss}
    \ifpdftex\expandafter\xdef\csname curr#1\endcsname{\secno}%
      \ifnum#1>0\countB=#1 \advance\countB by-1
        \advancenumber{chunk\the\countB.\expnumber{curr\the\countB}}\fi\fi
    % drop support for pdf specials: AS
    \ifon\startsection{\ttl#3}\smallskip\noindent\ignorespaces} 

\outer\def\chapterN#1#2#3.{% beginning of starred section in `book' mode
    \ifacro{\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks#3\outlinedone\outlinedone}\fi
    \gdepth=#1\gtitle={#3}\MN{#2}%
    \ifon\stsecchappreseparator{#1}\fi % before the title
    \message{*\secno}% progress report
    \def\stripprefix##1>{}\def\gtitletoks{#3}%
    \edef\gtitletoks{\expandafter\stripprefix\meaning\gtitletoks}%
    \edef\next{%
        \write\cont{%\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\eatone{\noexpand\meaning\noexpand\ZZ}%
        \noexpand\noexpand\noexpand % AS this is a (sort of) bug in cwebmac.tex
                                    % as long as the index is output (i.e. ...\eject) 
                                    % before all the sections this is unnecessary
                                    % uncomment the line after the brace to see what \ZZ
                                    % expands to in case of weird errors
        \ZZ{\gtitletoks}{#1}{\secno}{\noexpand\the\pageno}{\the\toksE}% \ZZ{title}{depth}{sec}{page}{ss}
    }}\next % write to contents file
    \ifpdftex
        \expandafter\xdef\csname curr#1\endcsname{\secno}%
        \ifnum#1=\z@
            \countB=#1 \advance\countB by\@ne
            \expandafter\xdef\csname curr\the\countB\endcsname{\secno}%
            \advance\countB by\@ne
            \expandafter\xdef\csname curr\the\countB\endcsname{\secno}%
            \advance\countB by\@ne
            \expandafter\xdef\csname curr\the\countB\endcsname{\secno}%
        \fi % allow subsection depth to jump up to 3 levels after a chapter: AS
        \ifnum#1>0\countB=#1 \advance\countB by-1
            %\message{#3::chunk\the\countB.\expnumber{curr\the\countB}::\expnumber{chunk\the\countB.\expnumber{curr\the\countB}}}%
            \advancenumber{chunk\the\countB.\expnumber{curr\the\countB}}%
        \fi
    \fi
    % drop support for pdf specials: AS
    \ifon\stsecchap{#1}{#3}\ignorespaces
}

\def\writebookmarkline#1#2#3#4#5{{% the scheme for bookmarks is rather fragile
                                  % the proper implementation must involve a stack: AS
    \let\(=\let \let\)=\let \let\[=\let \let\]=\let \let\/=\let
    \edef\depth{\expnumber{chunk#2.#3}}%
    \ifnum\depth=\z@ % allow subsection depth to jump up to 3 levels: AS
        \countB=#2 \advance\countB\@ne
        \edef\depth{\expnumber{chunk\the\countB.#3}}%
        \ifnum\depth=\z@
            \advance\countB\@ne
            \edef\depth{\expnumber{chunk\the\countB.#3}}%
        \fi
    \fi
    %\message{bookmark for #5::depth:\depth::#2.#3}%
    \pdfoutline goto num #3 count -\depth {#5}}}

\def\stsecchappreseparator#1{% separator between the end of the previous section and the current one
    \ifnum#1<\tw@
        \vfil\eject % force page break for chapters and major subsections
        \ifodd\pageno
        \else
            \null\vfill\eject
        \fi
    \else
        \vskip0pt plus 3.5\baselineskip
        \penalty-100
        \vskip0pt plus -3.5\baselineskip
        \vskip\intersecskip % no forced page break
    \fi
}

\def\stsecchap#1#2{\rightskip=0pt % get out of C mode (cf. \B)
    \sfcode`;=1500 \pretolerance 200 \hyphenpenalty 50 \exhyphenpenalty 50
%
    \ifnum#1>0
        \noindent{\let\*=\lapstar\llap{\tentitle\secstar\quad}}{\ttl #2}\smallskip\noindent% push it to the margins
    \else
        \null % sloppy but this works for the narrow case of this example
        \global\chapterheadtrue
        \vskip1.5in
        \vbox{\tabskip=0pt plus 1 fil
            \halign to\hsize{%
                \hfil##\tabskip=0pt\cr
                \cmhuge\secstar\cr
                \noalign{\vskip 1pc}%
                \cmmiddle#2\cr
            }%
        }%
        \bigskip
        \noindent
    \fi
%
    \ifpdftex\smash{\raise\baselineskip\hbox to0pt{%
       \let\*=\empty\ifmakepdf\pdfdest num \secstar fith\fi}}% this space is a bug in the original cwebmac.tex; AS
    \else\ifpdf\smash{\raise\baselineskip\hbox to0pt{%
       \let\*=\empty\special{%
         pdf: dest (\romannumeral\secstar) [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ]}}}\fi\fi}

\outer\def\textM#1{\MN{#1}\ifon\vskip0pt plus 3\baselineskip\penalty-100\vskip0pt plus -3\baselineskip % no page break
    \vskip\intersecskip\startsection\ignorespaces}

\def\MN#1{\par % common code for \M, \N
    {\xdef\secstar{#1}\let\*=\empty\xdef\secno{#1}}% remove \* from section name
    \ifx\secno\secstar \onmaybe \else\ontrue \fi
    \mark{{\secno}{\the\gdepth}{\the\gtitle}}% remove the annoying `paragraph' sign; AS
}

% a new start section macro: fix the extra space bug and push the section number to the margins

\def\stseclap{\rightskip=0pt % get out of C mode (cf. \B)
    \sfcode`;=1500 \pretolerance 200 \hyphenpenalty 50 \exhyphenpenalty 50
    \noindent{\let\*=\lapstar\llap{\tentitle\secstar\quad}}% push it to the margins
    \ifpdftex\smash{\raise\baselineskip\hbox to0pt{%
       \let\*=\empty\ifmakepdf\pdfdest num \secstar fith\fi}}% this space is a bug in the original cwebmac.tex; AS
    \else\ifpdf\smash{\raise\baselineskip\hbox to0pt{%
       \let\*=\empty\special{%
         pdf: dest (\romannumeral\secstar) [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ]}}}\fi\fi}

\let\startsection\stseclap

\newif\ifchapterhead

% make page and section number hang in the margins; \quad is chosen to
% be consistent with section appearance; the page numbers are printed
% in old-style numerals;

\def\lheader{%
    \ifchapterhead
        \hfil
    \else
        \termindexfalse\headertrue\llap{\mainfont\oldstyle\the\pageno\tentitle\quad}%
        \eightpoint\rm\grouptitle\hfill\title
        \rlap{\tentitle\quad\secrangedisplay}%
    \fi
} % top line on left-hand pages

\def\rheader{%
    \ifchapterhead
        \hfil
    \else
        \termindexfalse\headertrue\llap{\secrangedisplay\tentitle\quad}% 
        \eightpoint\rm\title\hfill\grouptitle
        \rlap{\tentitle\quad\mainfont\oldstyle\the\pageno}%
    \fi
} % top line on right-hand pages

\def\secrangedisplay{{\tenpoint$^{\hbox{\sevenrm\topsecno}}_{\hbox{\sevenrm\botsecno}}$}}

\def\botsecno{\expandafter\takeone\botmark} % the first section on the
                                            % next page
\newif\ifsepsectionchapter % do we put the section list in its own chapter?

\def\finmod{%
  \parfillskip 0pt plus 1fil
  \def\grouptitle{NAMES OF THE SECTIONS}
  \let\topsecno=\nullsec
  \message{Section names:}
  \setpage
  \def\note##1##2.{\quad{\eightrm##1~\ifacro{\pdfnote##2.}\else{##2}\fi.}}
  \def\Q{\note{Cited in section}} % crossref for mention of a section
  \def\Qs{\note{Cited in sections}} % crossref for mentions of a section
  \def\U{\note{Used in section}} % crossref for use of a section
  \def\Us{\note{Used in sections}} % crossref for uses of a section
  \def\I{\par\hangindent 2em}\let\*=*
  \ifacro 
      \def\outsecname{Names of the sections} 
      \let\Xpdf\X
      %
      \ifpdftex 
          %\makebookmarks 
          % move this to just before the contents so \inxmod has a 
          % chance to close the \cont channel; AS
          \ifsepsectionchapter\else\pdfdest name {NOS} fith \fi
          %\pdfoutline goto name {NOS} count -\secno {\outsecname}%
          %\def\X##1:##2\X{\Xpdf##1:##2\X \firstsecno##1.%
              %{\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks##2\outlinedone\outlinedone}%
              %\pdfoutline goto num \the\toksA \expandafter{\the\toksE}%
              % remove bookmarks for individual sections to avoid unpleasant
              % pdf navigation artefacts; AS
          %}
          % pdf specials are not supported: AS
      \fi
  \fi
  %
  \bigskip
  \vskip0pt plus 5pt
  \penalty-10
  \tenpoint
  \centerline{\sc A LIST OF ALL SECTIONS}
  \penalty300
  \medskip
  \emergencystretch=12pt
  \sectionlistsetup
  \readsections
}

\let\sectionlistsetup\relax

\def\YYcontentsline#1#2#3#4#5{\ifnum#2=0 \smallbreak\fi
    \line{\consetup{#2}#1
      \rm\leaders\hbox to .5em{.\hfil}\hfil
      \ \ifacro
          \pdfstartlink attr {/Border [0 0 0]} goto page #4 {/FitH} \BlueGreen #3\Black\pdfendlink
      \else#3\fi\hbox to3em{\hss#4}}}

\def\YYwritebookmarkline#1#2#3#4#5{{%
    \let\(=\let \let\)=\let \let\[=\let \let\]=\let \let\/=\let
    \pdfoutline goto page #4 {#4} count 0 {#5}}}


\def\makebookmarks{\let\ZZ=\writebookmarkline \let\YY\YYwritebookmarkline \readcontents\relax}

\def\topofcontents{%
    \null\vskip-3\baselineskip\centerline{C{\sc ONTENTS} (\sc\uppercase\expandafter{\title})}\medskip
    \ifacro
        \ifpdftex
            \makebookmarks
            \ifsepsectionchapter\else\pdfoutline goto name {NOS} count 0 {\outsecname}\fi% no section listing; AS
            \pdfdest name {TOC} fith % bookmark for the table of contents
        \fi
    \fi
    \let\YY\YYcontentsline
}

\def\botofcontents{\vfill
  \ifpdftex\pdfoutline goto name {TOC} count 0 {Table of Contents}\fi 
  \centerline{\covernote}} % this material will end the table of contents page

\newwrite\exampletable

\newif\ifsaveparseoutput
\newif\ifchecktable

% \Cee\ section macros

% stage one macros for `\B' sections: collecting tokens

% \B is always paired with \par (see CWEAVE section 213); unfortunately, this is 
% where certainty ends; the output of \CWEAVE\ is woefully unstructured, to say the
% least; the ugly hack below appears to be the only way to typeset the \Cee\ sections
% in their own style (using the 9pt face as is the case below).

\let\oldB\B

\long\def\Bvbpp#1\par{% the \vb{\yyendgame}\vb... is inserted by brack.pl
    \Bvbp@#1\cleanBtail\X\X$\E$\par
}

\def\cleanBtail\X\X$\E${}

\long\def\Bvbp@#1\X#2\X$#3\E#4$#5\par{%
    \yystringempty{#5}%
        {%  this is a \Cee\ section (@c or @p); it is tempting to assume that the suffix
         %  is \X\X$\E$\par and forego the invocation of \Bvb@@, however, this is not always
         %  the case as the first \X may come from a different section in the middle.
            \oldB#1\X#2\X$#3\E#4$\par
        }{% the logic here is not perfect but if this is still a \Cee\ section,
          % inserting @t@> between @> and whatever follows that produces $...\E...$
          % will correct the misidentification (the result of which may be, at best,
          % part of the section being typeset in a wrong face, or, worse \begingroup
          % starting a group in a wrong place (such as in the middle of the math mode))
            \oldB#1\X#2\X${#3}\E{#4}$\begingroup % the braces around #3 and #4 are necessary
                                                 % to ensure proper spacing around \E in case
                                                 % #3 and #4 are empty
            \ninepoint
            \Binputtoks{#5}\Btoksmathfalse
            #5\par\endgroup
        }%
}

\newtoks\Binputtoks

\newif\ifBtoksmath % does the section start in math mode?

\let\yyendgame\empty

\let\postparse\empty % the `upper half' \preparse... macros will use the contents of \Binputtoks

\newif\ifyyskipparse

\let\B\Bvbpp

% parser stack setup

\def\fillpstack#1#2{%
    \expandafter\def\csname currentparser[#1]\endcsname{#2}%
}

\def\poppstack#1{%
    \expandafter\ifx\csname currentparser[#1]\endcsname\relax
        \yybreak{% unknown language, skip the section
            \preparsetrivial
        }
    \else
        \yybreak{%
            \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
                \p@ppstack\csname currentparser[#1]\endcsname\end{#1}%
        }%
    \yycontinue
}

\def\p@ppstack#1#2\end#3{%
    \yystringempty{#2}{%
        \fillpstack{#3}\relax#1%
    }{%
        \fillpstack{#3}{#2}#1%
    }%
}

% section macros

\def\lsectionbegin#1{%
    \ifmmode
        \yybreak{%
            {}$% exit the group inside the math mode
            \Btoksmathtrue
            \poppstack{#1}\vb{}$%
        }% finish the math mode and reinsert it as stash
    \else
        \yybreak{%
            \poppstack{#1}%
        }%
    \yycontinue
}

\def\skiptolsection#1\lsectionbegin#2{%
    \ifBtoksmath
        \yybreak{%
            \lsectionbegin{#2}\vb{}${}%
        }%
    \else
        \yybreak{%
            \lsectionbegin{#2}%
        }%
    \yycontinue
}

\def\removefinalvb#1\endparse{}

\def\preparsetrivial#1\postparse{} % in case the section contains some dangerous
                                   % terms like \insertraw{...} that must be skipped

% URL typesetting

\def\urls#1#2{% make it possible to omit the `https://' nonsense
    \hskip0pt plus .3\hsize\penalty1000
    \hskip0pt plus -.3\hsize
    {%
        \def~{\string~}%
        \ifmakepdf
            \pdfURL{{\tt #2}}{#1#2}%
        \else
            {\tt #2}%
        \fi
    }%
    \hskip0pt plus .2\hsize\penalty1000
    \hskip0pt plus -.2\hsize\relax % this is somewhat of an infidelity in \TeX's syntax
}

\def\urll#1#2{% make it possible to omit the `https://' nonsense
    \hskip0pt plus .3\hsize\penalty1000
    \hskip0pt plus -.3\hsize
    {%
        \def~{\string~}%
        \ifmakepdf
            \pdfURL{#2}{#1}%
        \else
            {\tt #2}%
        \fi
    }%
    \hskip0pt plus .2\hsize\penalty1000
    \hskip0pt plus -.2\hsize\relax % this is somewhat of an infidelity in \TeX's syntax
}

\def\url#1{\urls{}{#1}}

% commonly used names

\def\CWEB{\.{CWEB}}
\def\CTANGLE{\.{CTANGLE}}
\def\CWEAVE{\.{CWEAVE}}
\def\WEB{\.{WEB}}
\def\Pascal{P{\sc ASCAL}}
\def\noweb{\.{noweb}}
\def\splint{\.{SPLinT}}
\def\POSIX{{\sc POSIX}}
\def\AST{{\sc AST}}
\def\EAST{{\sc EAST}}
\def\WEST{{\sc WEST}}
\def\ISO{{\mc ISO}}
\def\bison{\ifheader B{\sc ISON}\else\.{bison}\fi}
\def\flex{\ifheader F{\sc LEX}\else\.{flex}\fi}
\def\lex{\.{lex}}
\def\yacc{\.{yacc}}
\def\gcc{\.{gcc}}
\def\ld{\ifheader LD\else\.{ld}\fi}
\def\GNU{{\sc GNU}}
\def\CEEPP/{{\mc C{\tt ++}\spacefactor1000}}
\def\Ceepp{\CEEPP/}
\def\mft{\.{mft}}
\def\MF{{\tt META}\-{\tt FONT}\spacefactor1000 }
\def\MP{{\tt META}\-{\tt POST}\spacefactor1000 }
% from tugboat.cmn
\newbox\TestBox
\def\La{\tempca=\the\fam \leavevmode L%
        \setbox\TestBox=\hbox{$\fam\tempca\scriptstyle A$}%
        \kern-.5\wd\TestBox\raise.42ex\box\TestBox}
\def\LaTeX{\La\kern-.15em\TeX}

\def\sqbullet{\kern.3ex\vrule height .9ex width .8ex depth -.1ex }% square bullet (from manmac.tex)

\def\sqebullet{% empty square bullet
    \kern.3ex\vbox{\hsize=.8ex
        \hrule height .4pt
        \kern-.4pt
        \hbox to\hsize{\vrule height .9ex \hfill\vrule height .9ex} 
        \kern-.4pt
        \hrule height .4pt
        \kern.1ex
    }%
}

% a `union' to control command sequences in the .aux files; 
\def\auxunionctl{}% here we add sequences that control namespace switching
                  % although it is handled as a `union', we plan to execute this
                  % sequence rather than use it as a storage list
\newwrite\auxstream

\def\initauxstream{% this command should be executed only after 
                   % all the command sequances have been loaded (i.e. after
                   % noweb.sty, dcols.sty, etc. have been loaded)
    \immediate\openin\trystream=\jobname.aux
    \ifeof\trystream
    \else
        \restorecslist{aux:global:activate}\auxunionctl
        \auxunionctl % activate/deactivate individual subsets
        \immediate\closein\trystream
        \input \jobname.aux
    \fi
    \immediate\openout\auxstream=\jobname.aux
    \restorecslist{aux:global:prestart}\auxunionctl
    \auxunionctl
}

\def\everyendofjob{%
    \restorecslist{aux:global:precutoff}\auxunionctl
    \auxunionctl % write delayed data to the stream
    \immediate\closeout\auxstream
    \restorecslist{aux:global:preend}\auxunionctl
    \auxunionctl % do end of run tasks for every command set that writes to aux stream
    \message{Closed auxilary streams}%
}

% \end amendment, based on stackexchange question/answer by Bruno LeFloch
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/39279/test-whether-end-will-really-end-the-run/40894
% with some simplifications (we do not really need to take care of every possible situation
% since the \end command appears at a predictable spot)

\def\newend{%
    \ifdim\pagegoal=\maxdimen
        \yybreak{\checkdeadcycles}%
    \else
        \yybreak{\end}% do nothing, the regular \output will take care of the endgame
    \yycontinue
}

\def\checkdeadcycles{%
    \ifnum\deadcycles=\z@
        \yybreak{\testpageforstuff}%
    \else
        \yybreak{\end}% do nothing, the regular \output will take care of the endgame
    \yycontinue
}

% insert the same material \end would insert (see The \TeX book, p.~264)
\def\forceoutputagain{%
  \prevdepth=-1000pt
  \hbox{}\vfill\penalty-'10000000000
}

\def\testpageforstuff{% temporarily replace the output routine
                      % to check if the page contains stuff other than boxes
    \begingroup\output{\aftergroup\endgroup\testpageoutput}%
    \forceoutputagain % call the new output routine
}

\def\testpageoutput{%
    \deadcycles=\z@
    \cleantemppage
    \yyifpageempty % is there any stuff other than boxes in the vertical list?
                   % this macro is only expanded if \pagegoal=\maxdimen and \deadcycles=0
        {\everyendofjob}% vertical list is empty
        {}% whatsit nodes present, let \end take care of them
    \aftergroup\end
    \unvbox255
    \ifnum\outputpenalty=\@M % 10000 the break was not at a penalty item
    \else
         \penalty\outputpenalty
    \fi
}

\def\cleantemppage{% remove material inserted by \forceoutputagain
    \setbox255\vbox{%
        \unvbox255
        \unskip % remove \vfill
        \setbox0\lastbox % remove \hbox{}
        \unskip % remove \topskip
    }%
}

\def\yyifpageempty{%
    \setbox\z@\vbox{%
        \vbox{}\unvcopy255\setbox0\lastbox
        \expandafter
    }%
    \ifvoid\z@ %\vbox was not the last item, force output again
        \yybreak{\yysecondoftwo}%
    \else
        \yybreak{\yyfirstoftwo}%
    \yycontinue
}

\def\con{\par\vfill\eject % finish the section names
% \ifodd\pageno\else\titletrue\null\vfill\eject\fi % for duplex printers
  \rightskip 0pt \hyphenpenalty 50 \tolerance 200
  \setpage \output={\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
  \titletrue % prepare to output the table of contents
  \pageno=\contentspagenumber
  \def\grouptitle{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
  \message{Table of contents:}
  \topofcontents \startpdf
  \line{\hfil Section\hbox to3em{\hss Page}}
  \let\ZZ=\contentsline
  \readcontents\relax % read the contents info
  \botofcontents 
  \newend
} % print the contents page(s) and terminate

% sugar

\def\FOREVER{{\bf forever}}

% microtypography extensions: activate optical alignment
\ifacro
    \ifpdftex
        \input other/texmf/macros/protcode.tex
        \pdfprotrudechars=2
        \setprotcode\tenrm
        \setprotcode\ninerm
        \setprotcode\eightrm
        \setprotcode\sevenrm
        \setprotcode\sixrm
        \setprotcode\tenit
        \setprotcode\nineit
        \setprotcode\eightit
        \setprotcode\sevenit
        \setprotcode\sixit
        % do not stretch characters
        %\pdfdjustspacing=2 
        %\pdffontexpand\sevenrm 30 20 10 autoexpand
    \fi
\fi

% TODO: use \pdfsavepos, \pdflastxpos, and \pdflastypos to
% save the position of index terms on the page

% unstable macros

% two column typesetting for short sections
% CAUTION: while the macros below seem to work, their use requires a great deal of care
% o they assume that the sections are narrow so only use them if you are reasonably sure that
%   the width of the sections to be typeset as double column text are stable and not
%   going to change much
% o sections to be so typeset should not be part of `concatenated' @c sections; otherwise
%   the noweb style section pointers in the margins will clash with the text in the adjacent
%   column (this is not a concern if the traditional \CWEB\ referencing style is used

\def\dcolbM{\expandafter\let\csname M\endcsname\thisM
    \vskip 0pt plus 3\baselineskip\penalty-100 \vskip 0pt plus -3\baselineskip
    \vskip\ht\strutbox
    \vskip-\topskip % negate the \topskip at the beginning of the column box
    \vskip-\smallskipamount
    \vskip\intersecskip
    \begindoublecols
    \csname M\endcsname
}

\def\dcolbN{\expandafter\let\csname M\endcsname\thisN
    \vskip\ht\strutbox
    \vskip-\topskip % negate the \topskip at the beginning of the column box
    \vskip-\smallskipamount
    \vskip\intersecskip
    \begindoublecols
    \csname N\endcsname
}

\def\dcoleM{%
    \vfil\enddoublecols
    \crudelet{M}{thisM}%
    \crudelet{N}{thisN}%
    \csname M\endcsname
}

\def\dcoleN{%
    \vfil\enddoublecols
    \crudelet{M}{thisM}%
    \crudelet{N}{thisN}%
    \csname N\endcsname
}

\def\beginfoldedsections{% begin double column output starting with the next
                         % \M or \N section
    \ifbootstrapmode
    \else
        \crudelet{thisM}{M}%
        \crudelet{thisN}{N}%
        \crudelet{M}{dcolbM}%
        \crudelet{N}{dcolbN}%
    \fi
}

\def\endfoldedsections{% finish double column output starting with the next
                       % \M or \N section
    \ifbootstrapmode
    \else
        \crudelet{M}{dcoleM}%
        \crudelet{N}{dcoleN}%
    \fi
}

\def\crudelet#1#2{% ignore \outer (as a useful side effect these assignments can be skipped
                  % as a part of an \if... statement without producing `incomplete \iftrue'
                  % or like errors
    \edef\next{\global\let\expandafter\nx\csname#1\endcsname\expandafter\nx\csname#2\endcsname}\next
}

\def\beginfoldedsectionshere{% similar to \beginfoldedsections but can be used immediately
                             % before the @c portion of the section that will be typeset in two
                             % columns; this way the \TeX\ portion of the section can still be
                             % typeset in a single column
    % save the current section macro to be restored by \endfoldedsections
    \ifbootstrapmode
    \else
        \crudelet{thisN}{N}% both types of section macros are saved
        \crudelet{thisM}{M}% just in case the section changes to an \M section
        \vskip\ht\strutbox
        \vskip-\topskip % negate the \topskip at the beginning of the column box
        \vskip-\smallskipamount % undo the skip from \begindoublecols
        \yskip
        \begindoublecols
        \parindent=1em
    \fi
}

% support reproducible compilation
\ifpdftex
    \pdfinfoomitdate=1
    \pdftrailerid{}%
\fi
\tenpoint